前言
有志自費成為自訓機師的人，在選擇飛行課程時，一定會做到一個功課：適用PART61和PART141的課程。自訓的學費和時間成本，都是一大筆投資，那一個才是對自己最有利的選項，應該是每個人都想知道的! 本篇文章就來說明兩者到底有什麼差異，以及對於報考國籍航空公司的自訓機師是否會有影響!
PART61、PART141是什麼?
PART61、PART141指的是美國聯邦航空法規(Federal Aviation Regulations-FAR)中的章節。PART 61(Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors) 中規定飛行員證照取得資格，內容包含飛行員、飛航教師、地面教師，分別須完成什麼課程、累積多少飛時等。
PART 141 (Flight Schools) 則規範飛行員訓練機構、飛行學校，要取得PART 141認證的名號，訓練課綱、課程安排的時程都需經過美國民用航空局(FAA)的核可，並且接受定期稽核。
整體而言，只要是合格的飛航教師(Flight Instructor)都可以符合PART 61的規定來訓練學生，在訓練計畫上也可以比較彈性的調配，只要達到可以考照的資格即可；但要符合PART 141的規定，飛行學校就必須定期接受訓練計畫和環境設備的審核，算是比較嚴格的。
PART 61與141差在哪裡?
FAA允許飛行機構以符合PART 61或PART 141的標準來訓練學生，這兩者的差異可以從以下幾個面向來探討：
課綱彈性與教學品質
使用PART 61的訓練計畫，飛航教師可以針對學生學習狀況及目標，彈性調配訓練計畫。而PART 141的訓練計劃則必須照著被FAA核准的課綱走，每個階段都有既定的課程時數。
PART 61的課綱彈性較大，選一個好的飛航教師就顯得非常重要，老師教得好不好，也影響到你租賃飛機、支付教官鐘點費的成本。相較而言，PART 141因為有既定課綱，也被要求定期檢視學生的考照成功率，教學品質較容易標準化。
訓練時程
PART 61的訓練時程取決於學生的可付出的時間和學習進度，能否進入checkride(考驗飛航)完全仰賴飛航教師的判斷，因此完訓時程因人而異。例如業餘學生利用下班後的時間學飛，完訓的時程就可能拉的比較長。
適用PART 141的訓練課程，取得證照前必須通過各階段考試和學科測驗，通常會一群人一起開班訓練，同班的人完訓時間不會相差太遠，訓練步調較緊湊，可能會比PART 61的學生還要早完訓。
飛行時數要求
由於適用PART 141需經過FAA相當嚴格的審核，故PART 141訓練課程考照的時數規定比較低，PPL只需要35小時；而PART 61則需要40小時。不過通過PPL的平均飛時大多高於這些規定，因此在PPL階段，這個差異影響並不大。
CPL的差異就比較大了，PART 141只需要190小時即可考照，PART 61則需要至少250小時。
訓練費用
因為飛行時數要求的差別，實機飛行的費用，PART 61會比PART 141來得貴。但是PART 141還須負擔地面課程的費用，所以並不是哪個就一定比較貴。學費也會根據學校的名聲、訓練飛機機型、環境設備和地點而有所不同。
PART 61與141的優劣勢
Flying網站列出兩個規定下受訓的優劣勢，以下翻譯成中文給讀者們參考：
| 章節 | 優勢 | 劣勢 |
| PART 61 | 1. 訓練較為彈性，教官可以針對學生學習狀況，適時調配訓練計畫。 2. 不定期的訓練計劃更適合業餘受訓的學生。 3. 學生可以自行選擇喜歡、適合的教官。 |
1. 訓練環境較不系統化。 2. 可能會需要更多的飛行訓練時數。 3. 某些機場可選擇的飛航教師數量可能較少。 4. 除非有人引薦，新學生可能較難找到獨立接案的飛航教師。 |
| PART 141 | 1. 訓練環境較系統化。 2. 較適合想成為職業飛行員的全職學生。 3. 141課綱下，考照飛時要求較低。 |
1. 對於不以職業飛行員為目標的學生來說較為嚴格。 2. 訓練時程較緊湊，學生可能難以適應。 3. 學校可能隨時會更換教師。 4. 區域機場不一定都適用PART 141課綱。 |
哪一個對報考國籍航空公司更有利呢？
接著進到本篇文章的重點，應該也是你願意看到這裡的原因—究竟選擇哪一個，航空公司會比較喜歡? 可以從兩方面來探討：
招生簡章有寫嗎？
我一直以來都蠻強調，航空業競爭激烈，考生都要張大眼睛看清楚招生簡章，想辦法讓自己100%符合，沒有公司喜歡問題很多的考生！其中有一些資格，需要提前規劃跟準備，例如：地面學科上課證明要蓋飛行學校的認證章、IR時數要達30小時等，在飛行學校時就要先處理，等完訓要報考時才發現，可能就來不及了。
國籍航空公司的招生簡章報考資格寫的很清楚，截至本文發布日，華航只接受PART 141的考生，長榮及星宇則是兩者都接受。所以如果你是採用PART 61的學生，等於喪失一個報考的機會!
訓練品質
先前在馬蒂小週末：為什麼這麼多流浪機師？這篇文章中就有提到，航空公司培訓機師開缺量之所以大於自訓機師，其中一個原因就是培訓機師的訓練品質較好掌控。因此，如何說服航空公司，自己所接受的訓練有一定的品質，是考生可以預先思考、準備的問題。
本文上半部有簡單比較了PART 61和141的差別，由此可知，一般會認為PART 141的訓練計劃規劃的比較完整，教學品質不至於太極端，而PART 61的風險是比較高的。(當然，凡事皆有例外，這邊只是闡述普遍的認知！)
如果你是PART 61訓練出來的考生，不用灰心得太早，有些公司在招募時，可能會請你提供飛行學校的訓練課綱，如果你發現你的訓練計畫或logbook某些地方容易讓人有疑慮，例如：某些階段耗費的時數特別高，建議可以主動向公司說明原因，雖然不能保證有用，但說不定你就靠這個考上了！嘗試看看不會有損失，就跟自傳一樣，就怕你曖曖內含光，不主動說出自己很讚的地方，考官是無法通靈的！
應徵機師，自傳怎麼寫? 履歷秘笈可以幫助你!
最後來個總結
自訓之路不容易，今天的文章分享了PART 61和PART 141的差別，以及航空公司可能會怎麼看，希望能幫助你判斷，綜合評估自己的資源，哪一個才是最適合自己的選擇！
註解
- 美國聯邦航空法規(Federal Aviation Regulations-FAR)規範內容涵蓋飛行員的資格、飛行學校與其維護規定等。
參考資料
- Flying Media https://www.flyingmag.com/part-61-or-part-141/
- Phoenix East Aviationhttps://pea.com/blog/posts/part-141-vs-part-61/
- Pilot Institute https://pilotinstitute.com/part-61-vs-part-141/
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